完型填空是在一篇240—280單詞的短文中人為地挖去若干單詞和短語(yǔ),要求考生通過(guò)閱讀全文,掌握文章大意,并運用所學(xué)的綜合知識在限定時(shí)間內從所給的選項中選出使文章意思通順、結構完整、邏輯合理的最佳選項。它全面考查考生的語(yǔ)言運用能力、閱讀理解能力、邏輯分析能力、推理判斷能力及常識應用能力。
一、 題目命制的指導原則
英語(yǔ)知識運用的形式不僅考查
考生對于不同語(yǔ)境中規范的語(yǔ)言要素(包括詞匯、表達方式和結構)的運用能力,而且還考查考生對語(yǔ)段特征(如連貫性和一致性等)的辨識能力。也就是說(shuō),英語(yǔ)知識運用這部分試題對考生的考查上升到了一個(gè)更高的層面,提升為在語(yǔ)篇層次上考查學(xué)生運用英語(yǔ)知識的綜合能力。它囊括了對語(yǔ)篇微觀(guān)的語(yǔ)言要素(如詞匯、結構和表達方式)和各項宏觀(guān)結構(上下文的邏輯性和連貫性)的考查,并實(shí)現了二者的有機結合。
二、 完形填空理解所需能力
第一, 閱讀理解能力尤為重要
閱讀理解是考生對文章的大意進(jìn)行理解的第一步也是關(guān)鍵的第一步,只有對文章的大意有所了解,才能把題目做好。通過(guò)閱讀,可以更加熟悉地了解文章的結構,詞匯的設置,詞語(yǔ)的辨識等。在閱讀文章的時(shí)候,跨考教育英語(yǔ)考研(微博)輔導老師提醒廣大2015考生們不要忘記了對第一句的閱讀,因為文章首段的第一句通常會(huì )給我們一個(gè)整體的信息。
下面是1999年~2010年研究生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試卷中使用過(guò)的短文的首句,跨考教育英語(yǔ)考研輔導老師把其中分別包含的信息整理如下:
In 1924 America’s National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone—parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago。(2010年,what,when,who,where)
Research on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are。(2009年 what,how)
The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. (2008年 what,how);
By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations。(2007年 оwhen,who, how);
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population。(2006年who ,how);
The human nose is an underrated tool。(2005年what,how);
Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinguency(crimes committed by young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. (2004年what,how);
Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. (2003年who,how);
Comparisons were drawn between the development of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. (2002年what, how, when);
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West. (2001年who,what,how);
If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. (2000年who,why,how);
Industrial safety does not just happen. (1999年what,how);
第二, 扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法是基礎
扎實(shí)的語(yǔ)法知識是考生理解英語(yǔ)文章的基礎。盡管對語(yǔ)法知識的考查并不是歷年試題的重點(diǎn),但這并非意味著(zhù)對語(yǔ)言掌握的要求降低了。語(yǔ)法是英語(yǔ)的基礎,是理解文章大意的基礎能力,只有對語(yǔ)法熟悉掌握,才會(huì )在做題的過(guò)程中游刃有余。
A variety of activities should be organized 1 participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to 2 else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants 3 . (2003年第36題)
1盵A]if only [B]now that *[C]so that [D]even if
2盵A]everything [B]anything [C]nothing [D]something
3盵A]off *[B]down [C]out [D]alone
第2題考查考生對不定代詞的用法和區分能力。A項everything不能與else連用е。B項anything 與else構成詞組表示“別的什么”,但其中有“別的以外任何事情”的含義。從上下文的語(yǔ)意來(lái)看,此處用anything不妥。C項nothing 一般用在nothing else than(只不過(guò),僅有)中。D項something 與 else 構成詞組表示“別的事情”,用在肯定句中,從語(yǔ)法和前后語(yǔ)意關(guān)系上來(lái)看,D項是正確選項。