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齊魯工業(yè)大學(xué)

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2021考研英語(yǔ)翻譯寶典:正義反譯&反義正譯

時(shí)間:2020-08-20 11:05:02     作者:考研招生在線(xiàn)
摘要:正義反譯和反義正譯要求譯者對一些無(wú)法直接用漢語(yǔ)的相同結構進(jìn)行表達的語(yǔ)言結構和表達方式從相反的角度進(jìn)行轉換。英漢兩種語(yǔ)言習慣不同,要加強修辭效果,或要更確切地表達原文的含義,翻譯時(shí)如果用正面表達原文出現困難,那么不妨試著(zhù)用反面表達,或將原文的反面表達改用正面表達,使譯文更流暢。

  There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.

  譯文:人們對智力這個(gè)詞所指的不同表現意見(jiàn)比較一致,而對這些表現如何解釋或分類(lèi)則有不同的看法。(more A than B 實(shí)質(zhì)上是對B的否定,因此我們可以把B 部分用否定法譯出,正義反譯the term根據上下文譯為"智力這個(gè)詞")

  And the cycle continues.

  譯文:如此循環(huán),永不止息。(正義反譯)

  It cannot be too much emphasized that listening is the most important in learning English.

  譯文:應當特別強調,聽(tīng)力在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習中是重要的問(wèn)題。(反義正譯)

  類(lèi)似的結構還有:cannot...enoughcannot...morecannot...sufficientcannot sufficientlycannot...overcharged(以及其他由over-構成的復合詞),這些結構可以譯為"無(wú)論怎么…也不過(guò)分"。

  The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.

  譯文:把標準化測試作為抨擊目標是錯誤的,因為在抨擊這類(lèi)測試時(shí),批評者不考慮其弊病來(lái)自人們對測試不甚了解或使用不當。 (divert attention from譯成"不考慮"。正義反譯)

  The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the human mind it is simply the mode by which all phenomena are reasoned about and given precise and exact explanation.

  譯文:科學(xué)研究的方法不過(guò)是人類(lèi)思維活動(dòng)的必要表達方式,也就是對一切現象進(jìn)行思索并給予準確而嚴謹解釋的表達方式。(nothing but 譯成"只不過(guò)",反義正譯)

  The United Nations has not, so far, justified the hopes which the people of the world set on it.

  譯文:迄今為止,聯(lián)合國辜負了世界人民寄予的希望。(反義正譯)

  I thus appeared to them to be quite familiar with this sort of situation, and it confirmed them in their belief that I was a thoroughly disreputable character.

  譯文:這樣一來(lái),在他們眼里,我就像是非常熟悉這一套的了,也使他們更加確信我是一個(gè)地地道道的壞蛋。(正義反譯)

  To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.

  譯文:批評智力測試不反映上述情況,猶如批評溫度計不能夠測風(fēng)速一樣。

  such failure是正面表達,但是從上下文看,是指An intelligence test does not measure character, social adjustments...,所以譯成"不反映上述情況"。

  Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the Earth.

  譯文:伽利略的最光輝的業(yè)績(jì)在于他在1609年第一個(gè)把新發(fā)明的望遠鏡對準天空,以求證實(shí)行星是圍繞太陽(yáng)旋轉,而不是圍繞地球旋轉。(rather than是正面表達,但是它含否定意思,應該譯成"而不是")

  如下詞語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用正反、反正譯法:

  動(dòng)詞:fail, miss, lack, live up to, ignore, refuse, withhold, neglect, refrain, deny, overlook, exclude

  名詞:absence, failure, refusal, ignorance, neglect, exclusion

  形容詞:few, little, free from, far from, short of, safe from, thin, worthy of, ignorant...

  副詞:little, less, otherwise, too...to..., vainly

  連詞:more...than, unless, before, until, rather than, or

  介詞:without, about, except, beyond, instead of, in place of, out of
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